Here are some species I’ve identified in my paddocks. I can’t guarantee that I’ve got them right, but the ones I’ve listed here, I’m relatively confident about. But do please correct me if I’m wrong!
Note that I’m focusing mainly on the reproductive features here, because many species are more easily recognisable when they have seed heads or flowers. Reproductive features can look very different with a week or two between observations. Most detailed (and more accurate) identification is performed using morphology that you won’t see in a simple photograph. If you want to be more certain of your identification, try something like The glove-box guide to grass and legume identification in Tasmanian Pastures. CABI also has a very extensive listing, and there are various phone-based apps that will give you identification (of wildly varying accuracy) from photos.
Several of these would be called weeds by many. I’m happy with them adding some diversity, so long as they’re not taking over.
In no particular order…
Great brome
Bromus diandrus. Annual.
Perennial ryegrass
Lolium perenne. Perennial, d’uh.
Silver grass
Vulpia bromoides. Annual.
White clover
Trifolium repens. Perennial.
Tall fescue
Festuca arundinacea. Perennial.
Yorkshire fog
Holcus lanatus. Perennial.
Sweet vernal
Anthoxanthum odoratum. Perennial.
Phalaris
Phalaris aquatica. Perennial.
Soft brome
Bromus hordeaceus. Annual.
Prairie grass
Bromus willdenowii. Perennial.
Red clover
Trifolium pratense. Perennial.
Kentucky Bluegrass
Poa pratensis. Perennial.
Ribwort plantain
Plantago lanceolata. Annual.
Buttercup
Ranunculus repens. Perennial.
Sub clover
Trifolium subterraneum. Annual.
Common plantain
Plantago major. Perennial.
Wintergrass
Poa annua. Annual.
Sorrel
Acetosella vulgaris. Perennial.
Cocksfoot
Dactylis glomerata. Perennial.
Dandelion
Taraxacum officinale. Perennial.
Marsh foxtail
Alopecurus geniculatus. Perennial.
Italian ryegrass
Festuca perennis. Perennial-ish.
Paspalum
Paspalum dilatatum. Perennial.
Meadow foxtail
Alopecurus pratensis. Perennial.
Broadleaf/bitter dock
Rumex obtusifolius. Perennial.
Hairy bird’s foot trefoil
Lotus subbiflorus. Annual.
Blue sedge
Carex flacca. Perennial.
Alfalfa / lucerne
Medicago sativa. Perennial.
Crested dog’s tail
Cynosurus cristatus. Perennial.
Red fescue
Festuca rubra. Perennial.
Rough dog’s tail
Cynosurus echinatus. Annual.
Common Centaury
Centaurium erythraea. Annual.
Brown Sedge
Common narrow leaf vetch
Vicia sativa. Annual.
Toad rush
Juncus bufonius. Annual.
Onion twitch
Arrhenatherum elatius. Perennial.
Barley grass
Hordeum leporinum. Annual.